Chapter 13

Section 1.

1. Three major reasons for economic change in Europe are genetically modified foods, The Maastriccht Treaty, and because more countries are shifting towards a service industry

2. Since the fall of Communism, farming has improved because farmers have more incentive to work harder, the two television networks linked to form INTELSATs, and the European Union was formed.

Creative Writing: While transportation systems are important for service industries, it is much more valuable and worth-while to first develop communications, because without proper communication between industries, tasks cannot be completed and transportation cannot be improved with their lack of money.

Section 2.

1. Because some farming industries overgraze their livestock, remove too much vegetation, etc. soil erosion begins to occur. Industries that have business in building cities cut down forests in order to make them. Due to industries that produce carbon emissions, global warming causes flooding in cities.

2. In order to protect Europe's environment by legally attacking industries who create too much pollution, replacing carbon fuels with natural gases, and organized clean ups in rivers, lakes, etc.

Creative Writing: The anti-pollution laws and acts put in place by members of the EU certainly help the environment of Europe in the present and in the future. Without these laws, major industrial companies would continue to use fossil fuels and put Carbon Dioxide into the atmosphere to aid climate change.

Chapter 12

Section 1

1. In the last hundred years, the populations of islands have increased greatly due to immigration, mostly from South Asia and the West Indies. After World War II, refugees settled in the UK for the most part.

2. For the most part, the most inward part of the land in Northern Europe push people towards the coast, as it usually has a harsher land and climate and the coast has more fertile land.

Creative Writing: The poor in countries with welfare have an obvious benefit of getting money for doing almost nothing, which, although may be an advantage for the people, is a disadvantage for the country as a whole, for they are losing money for citizens who will do almost nothing for it. Workers in countries without welfare may also have a stronger drive to do a good job and do it right, because if they are injured or are fired early in their life, they would not have access to the same amount of money that they would have.

Section 2

1. Religion has helped shape the history of Western Europe through World War II and the Crusades, and the Holy Roman Empire has helped shape both history and government.

2. World War II helped shape the population patterns of Western Europe by moving Jewish refugees out of Germany and into Allied countries, like the UK and France.

Creative Writing: In the next twenty-five years, due to the aging of Western Europe overall population, businesses that require able-bodied men may have problems finding employees. The armies of the countries may also find it more difficult to find new recriutes. Other risky proffesions may come to find less willing people to do those jobs.

Section 3

1. Some of the effects on population patterns and cultures of Southern Europe now that immigration is outpacing emigration includes the obvious result of having a lower population in Southern Europe, but most likely the same amount of cultural activity dispite the amount of people in the region.

2. Cultural elements shared by most of the region of Southern Europe include Latin-based languages, being a Roman Catholic, and being involved in soccer and bull fighting.

Creative Writing: The culture of Ancient Rome still influences the region of Southern Europe with the work of some of the greatest architects and artist of their time. Many of the most known buildings in Southern Europe are influenced by the architectual elements of Ancient Rome, like their columns, arches and domes.