Chapter 33

Section 1

1. The Aborigines and Maori were the major indigenous groups of people in Australia and New Zealand.

2. In the more rural areas of Australia and New Zealand, people may have to communicate through radio or mail for teaching instructions and other things of that nature. Indigenous tribes suffer from mistreatment of the modern age and also from more mundane things, such as malnutrition and poverty.

Creative Writing: Europeans discovered Australia when exploring the South Pacific region, and in later years it became an island of convicts from overcrowded British prison. In the mid 1800s, the British started to forcibly remove the indigenous people from New Zealand and Australia, causing the native people to fight back, but lose in the long run.

Section 2

1. The everyday life of the people of Oceania reflects cultural diversity from the clothes that the people of those nations were to the sports that they play because it is all a mix of several different nations' way of going through life.

2. Through several conflicts with disease, cultural differences, territory battles, and the World Wars, the Europeans lead several adverse effects upon Oceania.

Creative Writing: As I floated along Papua New Guinea, I began to realize the vast cultural differences between them and Americans. With their innumerable amounts of ill educated citizens, their economy has plummeted, along with their standards of living. Even from the coast, I can see the effects of the poor economy, and yet I envy them. Without money being a constant threat in their lives, as they know that they are destitute, they are allowed to focus on other things, such as family and tradition.

Chapter 31

Section 1

1. Rice farming is an important agricultural activity in Southeast Asia because it is a staple food and it is the top export of two of the countries in that region, Thailand and Vietnam.

2. The countries of Southeast Asia are industrializing at different rates because the have different products to offer other countries, and because some countries came out of the economic crisis of the 1980s more quickly than others.

Creative Writing: With the help of the Asian Development Bank and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Southeastern countries are quickly weaving themselves into economic interdependence. These organizations promote trade between all countries of the region and make trade much more valuable and worth while for those involved.

Section 2

1. Floods and typhoons kill hundreds of people and ruin millions of dollars of crops every year for the Southeast Asian region. Volcanic eruptions kill hundreds of people and destroy homes, along with blowing gases into the air that affect weather patterns around the world.

2. Economic progression has lead to pollution of land, water, and air, from urban and rural environments and from industrialization.

Creative Writing: While there are man-made issues that need to be dealt with, natural disasters are reeking havoc upon the Southeast Asian region. Typhoons, cyclones, eruptions, and floods cause millions of dollars in damage, as well as deprive us of crops and human lives. Without precautions made to protect ourselves from these disasters, these same effects will be drawn from these problems.

Chapter 29

Section 1

1. Cordilleras and archipelagoes make up most of the South Eastern Asian region.

2. The rich natural resources of the region help bring the economies of the countries up.

Creative Writing: Southeast Asia depends on its waterways because several farms are more inland. These waterways allow water to get into massive farms of rice, plants, other crops, and simple drinking water.

Section 2

1. Islands of Southeast Asia generally have a subtropical climate, while the mainland have tropical dry and subtropical climates.

2. The main climate types of this region are tropical wet and tropical dry.

Creative Writing: I can understand why urbanization of this area may be important to the people around it, however, our planet is already destroying much of its biodiversity and can afford to lose much more. As we cut down rainforests, we are destroying the homes of millions of creatures, as the rainforests are one of the most biodiverse areas in the world. If we continue to destroy these homes, we will move more species closer and closer to extinction.

Chapter 28

Section 1

1. In East Asia, China and North Korea are communist, while South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan are democratic. Because of this, China and North Korea have command economies, and South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan have mixed economies and market economies.

2.The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation plays an important role in the economic activities of the East Asian region as it makes trade among China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan efficient and fair.

Creative Writing: It was a very good idea to have let China into the World Trade Organization on the United States' part. China may have had some critisism for past anti-humanitarian actions, that were used in order to stop citizens from speaking out against the government, but these actions can help keep workers in line and focused so that the world wide economy can increase.

Section 2

1. Industrialization of the East Asian region lead to nuclear power, and nuclear accidents like in 1999 in Japan. It has also lead to acid rain, deforestation, desertification and other forms of pollution.

2. East Asian countries naturally recieve many earthquakes and typhoons. Japan alone also has over 80 active volcanoes.

Creative Writing: Japan, since the 1970's has encouraged the stopping of pollution of industries and is now the leader of addressing environmental issues. In 2006, Japan was ahead of all other auto manufacturers in developing fuel cell engines that produced no emissions. Japan has also made aquacultures so that over fishing does not occur.

Chapter 27

Section 1

1. East Asia's culture and traditions originated from the ancient indigenous ancestors of that region.

2. The people of China mainly speak dialects of Mandarin.

Creative Writing: Before communism in China, people were free to practice the religions that they pleased. Most people were Confucist, Buddhist, or Taoist/Daoist. However, today the Chinese Communist government discourages anything other than atheism, and some restrictions are placed upon people that follow some religions, such as the fact that if a Tibetan is found owning a picture of the Dalai Lama, he risks arrest.

Section 2

1. Most Japanese people are located near the urban areas in valleys and coastal regions due to forested mountains covering a large area of Japan.

2. Japan built an empire from the 1890s to the 1940s through military force and diplomacy, mostly gaining land through wars with the Chinese and the Russians.

Creative Writing: Japan has been touched in several ways from the outside world and those small touches have caused large changes in Japan's culture. After the fall of the Japanese Empire after World War Two, Japan became a democracy, sharing the type of government that many nations in the world are controlled by today. Japanese language, too, has been modified by western influences and Chinese influences as well.

Section 3

1. Because Western diplomats came to visit Korea first with military force, Korea closed its doors to them and became an isolated nation.

2. Korean life is largely based upon Confucianism.

Creative Writing: The divergence between North and South Korea was due to the Korean War in the 1950s after World War 2, in which North Korea invaded South Korea in order to reunite both countries after their separtion after the second World War. World War Two had divided the countries into two, South Korea, the U.S. backed democratic state, and North Korea, the Communist nation. Due to South Korea's economy being based on capitalism, the economy has been growing and is currently doing much better than North Korea's. This, along with the United State's help has led to an increased life span of the general public, much greater than that of North Korea's. Because North Korea has been isolated by their government, they have had few contacts with any nations and has kept their own culture for much longer than South Korea, whose culture has been mixed with that of the West's.

Chapter 25

Section 1

1. Many people in the South Asian region rely on sustenance farming to receive their basic necessities.

2. India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan have free press.

Creative Writing: If I were to visit one country in Southern Asia, I would most likely go to Kathmandu, Nepal in order to see and possibly climb Mount Everest. Other regions interest me as well, such as India, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, because I would like to learn more about their cultures, but at least seeing Mount Everest would be more important to me, personally.

Section 2

1.The factors leading to internal violence in South Asia include the discrimination of the Tamils in Sri Lanke, the attempts of overthrowing democracy in Nepal for a Communist republic, President Pervez Musharraf of Pakistan removing his support of Afghan Taliban, and the violence between Hindu, Muslim, and Sikh in India.

2. Negative consequences of rapid industrialization in the South Asian region include rapid deforestation, endangerment of indigenous species, and water pollution.

Creative Writing: Laws are placed in effect to stop people from logging and killing certain things at certain times for reasons that benefit plant, animal, and human alike. When too many deaths occur in a population of a species, that species may go extinct, meaning that you will have disrupted the life span of not only the species you killed, but the organisms that devoured that species and the organisms that the species you killed were killed by. This process produces havoc in the communities of the animal world, but also the plant and human worlds as well. The humans that relied on the species you killed will no longer have that animal to eat and the animals that relied on that species will also be affected, negatively or positively, which will negatively impact you at one point. The plants that used the dead animal as nutrients may also die out, meaning that you will not be able to use that wood for much longer either. Thus, if you disturb the ecosystem by not following the rules but into place to keep the ecosystem flowing correctly, you will destroy not only that species, but any species that was involved with that species, and destroy your own community.

Chapter 24

Section 1

1. India's population is widely distributed throughout the whole of the country, but in the recent years, more Indians have been found migrating towards the more urban and developed areas.

2. The two major world religions that helped shape India's history and culture are Buddhism and Hinduism.

Creative Writing: Life in the bigger cities of India is much different than in the village where I grew up in. With more money flowing around in their economies, the larger cities are able to spend much more money creating hospitals and schools, greatly improving health care and education. Here in Mumbai, there are twenty times as many films coming out in a year than there were in our village in ten years! The city life seems a little more distant compared to ours though, because people tend to take leisure activities for granted, such as going to the movies or watching television.

Section 2

1. Booming populations and urbanization have become problems for Bangladesh and Pakistan because they countries both have limited resources, especially food, and because the industrialization of these areas have caused mass amounts of pollution.

2. Several poems and plays have come from the Bangladeshi culture. Music and literature are the richest forms of Pakistani art forms, like Qawwali and musha'irahs.

Creative Writing: The Kashmir region is in the region of both northern Pakistan and India. This land was declared to be Pakistani. However, the Hindu prince of the region later fled from the region to Delhi and signed the state over to India. Even though India claimed a legal right to the region, Pakistan insisted it would be a better homeland for the Muslim residents of the region, so the region stayed Pakistani. Today, the two continue the conflict with this region, but are armed with nuclear weaponry, causing problems not just between the two, but now with any nation that tries to interfere.

Section 3

1. The arts of these nations can be seen throughout the region. the Buddhist stupas and dzongs show a religious aspect of their culture. Dance is popular mainly in Bhutan and Nepal. Sri Lanka produced an artist in both literature and theatre.

2. Hinduism and Islam are two main religions in this region.

Creative Writing: The choice between improving the healthcare or the literacy rate between two areas can be a very difficult one to make a definate decision on, but I believe that improving the literacy rate would be a more significant cause. With the improvement of literacy rate in a region, that region would have a firm foundation for which to grow upon. With more people being able to read, the people of this region would be to establish better governments and other things needed for a functioning society over time. Adding to this cause will allow people of poverty stricken countries to recieve the educations they need to improve the region, most likely increasing health care along the way.